MVC routing, passing array as parameter (Laravel / Code Igniter style)

I am going over a PHP / MVC / OOP course by Traversy Media and I am on a chapter that creates a router for a simple social app (initial routing of any request throguh domain.com/index.php). The person talks about passing an array as a parameter and I dong get how this works:

class Posts {
   public function edit($id) {
      $post = $this->postModel->fetchPost($id); 
      $this->view('edit', ['post' => $post]);
  }
}

There is some more simple things in this class but I am just not sure about the ['post'] => $post] part. I dont get how this syntax works, like sign after sign. Is this based on something that is already builed in into some kind of framework (he does not have anything like this here, this is his and this is the first chapter when he builds it from scratch). I mean, I would imagine that array would be like an $array, in a variable and this is a parameter in square brackets, so what is the name of the array here. Is this $post and is the second actual => $post a sub-array. I just dont get that at all.

I started learning Laravel previously (skipping this all together for now) and I've been getting stuck on such things too. I mean, is this like framework-related only (not really a regular procedural PHP), like something that is already coded on a deeper level and we relate to that?

Thank you in advance for any info that I could get.

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